|
|
One Health approach to understand emerging zoonotic pathogens in the Trichophyton benhamiae complex
Čmoková, Adéla ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Buchta, Vladimír (referee) ; Gené, Josepa (referee)
The Trichophyton benhamiae complex encompasses several zoonotic pathogens that are of increasing concern to the scientific community due to their epidemic spread among pets and their owners. Of particular concern is the sudden appearance and rapid spread of T. benhamiae yellow phenotype strains in Europe. Considerable genetic and phenotypic variability has been revealed in the pathogens from the complex, yet the species limits and host spectra have not been clearly elucidated. To explore the diversity, epidemiology, and taxonomy of the T. benhamiae complex, my colleagues and I formed an international, cross-disciplinary team and applied a holistic One Health approach. We collected a large dataset of strains from several continents, along with associated data about host, clinical picture, and locality. Due to the high level of clonality in commonly used DNA sequence markers, I developed a new typing schema based on ten microsatellite markers and four DNA sequence markers. We then used a polyphasic approach combining data from independent analyses to decide on species limits in the T. benhamiae complex, including phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses, phenotypic and physiological analyses, mating-type gene characterization, ecological data and MALDI- TOF mass spectrometry analysis. Thanks to...
|
|
|
Zhodnocení zdravotního stavu dřevin na vybraných plochách Obecních lesů Ostrov (okr. Ústí nad Orlicí)
Starý, Pavel
The bachelor thesis evaluates the health status of trees in the Ostrov Municipal Forests in the district of Ústí nad Orlicí. The monitoring was carried out from October 2021 to December 2022 using the field method in two areas. The hard-to-determine fungal pathogen species found were sampled for laboratory determination. A total of 11 fungal pathogens were found, with the most important species being pine blister blight (Lophodermium pinastri), spruce budworm (Armillaria ostoyae) and alder blight (Phytophthora alni). Among insect pests, the spruce budworm (Ips typografus) and the alder weevil (Agelestica alni) were detected on alders. The stands of the Ostrov Municipal Forest are in a satisfactory state of health despite the presence of these fungal pathogens and insects.
|
|
|
The effect of pathogens on invasive plants
Sládečková, Julie ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čuda, Jan (referee)
Invasive plants can destroy entire ecosystems, reduce biodiversity and thus threaten the environment. Number of invasive species is increasing and so their negative impact on the environment. Various reasons can be behind the emergence of invasions, one of them is, for example, escaping from natural enemies. This can make the plant more competitive, have greater reproductive potential and spread better. However, if natural enemies are added to the new area, the number of invasive plants can be regulated. This is the principle of biocontrol, which is a method used to reducing the magnitude of invasions and their consequences. This method has almost no negative impacts on the environment, unlike chemical and mechanical methods of plant removal. Biocontrol has a long-term effect and therefore is also cheaper. However, when biocontrol is used, there is a certain risk that non-target plant species will be affected or that it will not be effective enough. Pathogens are also used as biocontrol agents because they are more specialized than herbivores, so the risk for non-target plants is lower. The aim of this thesis is to compare biological control with other methods used to removing invasive plants and to summarize the most significant positives and negatives of using fungal pathogens in plant biocontrol.
|
|
|
Biochemical characterization of tomato plants infected with fungal pathogens
Oušková, Marie ; Hýsková, Veronika (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Božena (referee)
Fungal pathogens including Verticillium longisporum which causes verticillium wilt are among the serious diseases of crops that easily spread worldwide. One of the ways to prevent fungal infection is to use fungal biocontrol agents applied as a seed coating. This control agent, the non-pathogenic oomycete Pythium oligandrum, enters the soil together with the seed and acts symbiotically in the plant's root system. On the one hand, it stimulates the plant's defence mechanism by secreting elicitors, and on the other hand, by providing tryptamine, it stimulates growth and increases the plant's fitness with auxin. In this work we studied the effect of seed treatment of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom with three different isolates of the genus Pythium (including the commercially used isolate M1 and two yet unused isolates X42 and X48) on the activities of antioxidant and NADP(H)-dependent enzymes in the leaves of plants infected with fungal pathogen V. longisporum. Two weeks after pathogen inoculation, no significant difference was found in the studied enzymes except for increased glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate decarboxylation) activity in plants treated with X42 isolate and increased shikimate dehydrogenase activity and antioxidant capacity in plants...
|
|
|
The Usage of Plasma Technologies to Improve the Quality of Feedstuffs
HAVELKA, Zbyněk
The dissertation thesis deals with the problems of the use of plasma technologies in agriculture for the purpose of improving the quality of feedstuffs for agricultural animals. The attention is focused above all on the use of low-temperature gliding arc plasma discharge generated by the atmospheric pressure for the elimination of model fungal pathogens (T. virens) and for the testing of the possibility of the use of plasma for the decreasing of mycotoxin load (DON and D3G). The professional orientation of the dissertation thesis is strongly interdisciplinary with the overlap to the area of the physics of plasma, microbiology, zootechnics and the proposal and construction of technical facilities. With that corresponds also the division of thesis into individual chapters. In the research part, there is a summary of actual pieces of knowledge from the area of fungal microorganisms and mycotoxins produced by these with the view on their presence in feedstuffs. There follows a research of pieces of knowledge of low-temperature plasma and its applications in the food industry and feeding. In the chapter Material and Methodology, the applicated methods of work, employed instruments and biological material are described. The resulting part is, for its clear arrangement, divided into five subchapters ? stating of selected parameters of plasma device, influence of plasma on nutritional parameters, influence of plasma on the model fungus Trichoderma virens and possibilities of the use of plasma discharge for the decreasing of concentration of mycotoxins in feedstuffs. The final part is dedicated to the description of system which enables the treatment of samples in continuous regime. The treatment of mycelial discs by plasma discharge lead to the decrease of germination capacity of spores of fungi, while there was experimentally proven the synergic effect of the influence of individual mechanisms by which the plasma interacts with the surface of biological material. At the same time, there was not observed a more significant change in the composition of feedstuffs, more significant is only the change of humidity of sample. In the laboratory conditions, the decreasing of concentration of mycotoxins spread on laboratory glass was proven. At the samples of feedstuffs contaminated by natural way, it was not successful to reliably provedecreasing of concentration of mycotoxins in a sample as a result of plasma activity.
|
guest ::
